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Natural cubic spline interpolation using MATLAB



MATLAB Program:

% Natural cubic spline interpolation
 % Find the approximate value of f(1.5) from
 % (x,y)= (0,1), (1,e), (2,e^2) & (3,e^3).

 n = input('Enter n for (n+1) nodes, n:  ');
 x = zeros(1,n+1);
 a = zeros(1,n+1);

 for i = 0:n
   fprintf('Enter x(%d) and f(x(%d)) on separate lines:  \n', i, i);
   x(i+1) = input(' ');
   a(i+1) = input(' ');
 end


 m = n - 1;
 h = zeros(1,m+1);
 for i = 0:m
   h(i+1) = x(i+2) - x(i+1);
 end

 xa = zeros(1,m+1);
 for i = 1:m
   xa(i+1) = 3.0*(a(i+2)*h(i)-a(i+1)*(x(i+2)-x(i))+a(i)*h(i+1))/(h(i+1)*h(i));
 end

 xl = zeros(1,n+1);
 xu = zeros(1,n+1);
 xz = zeros(1,n+1);
 xl(1) = 1;
 xu(1) = 0;
 xz(1) = 0;

 for i = 1:m
   xl(i+1) = 2*(x(i+2)-x(i))-h(i)*xu(i);
   xu(i+1) = h(i+1)/xl(i+1);
   xz(i+1) = (xa(i+1)-h(i)*xz(i))/xl(i+1);
 end

 xl(n+1) = 1;
 xz(n+1) = 0;
 b = zeros(1,n+1);
 c = zeros(1,n+1);
 d = zeros(1,n+1);
 c(n+1) = xz(n+1);

 for i = 0:m
   j = m-i;
   c(j+1) = xz(j+1)-xu(j+1)*c(j+2);
   b(j+1) = (a(j+2)-a(j+1))/h(j+1) - h(j+1) * (c(j+2) + 2.0 * c(j+1)) / 3.0;
   d(j+1) = (c(j+2) - c(j+1)) / (3.0 * h(j+1));
 end

 fprintf('\nThe numbers x(0), ..., x(n) are:\n');
 for i = 0:n
   fprintf('   %5.4f', x(i+1));
 end

 fprintf('\n\nThe coefficients of the spline on the subintervals are:\n');
 fprintf('     a(i)        b(i)          c(i)          d(i)\n');
 for i = 0:m
   fprintf('%11.8f  %11.8f  %11.8f  %11.8f \n',a(i+1),b(i+1),c(i+1),d(i+1));

 end
OUTPUT:
>> Natural_spline
Enter n for (n+1) nodes, n:  3
Enter x(0) and f(x(0)) on separate lines:  
 0
 1
Enter x(1) and f(x(1)) on separate lines:  
 1
 2.7
Enter x(2) and f(x(2)) on separate lines:  
 2
 7.29
Enter x(3) and f(x(3)) on separate lines:  
 3
 19.68

The numbers x(0), ..., x(n) are:
   0.0000   1.0000   2.0000   3.0000

The coefficients of the spline on the subintervals are:
     a(i)        b(i)          c(i)          d(i)
 1.00000000   1.44933333   0.00000000   0.25066667 
 2.70000000   2.20133333   0.75200000   1.63666667 
 7.29000000   8.61533333   5.66200000  -1.88733333 
>> 



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